机械工程师研究，设计和发展热力，通风和空调，发电量，运输，处理和制造机械和系统。他们也履行如下职责：机械系统的评估，安装，操作和维护。机械工程师受雇于咨询公司，电力公用事业和大范围的制造，处理和交通行业，也可以自雇。

Mechanical engineers research, design and develop machinery and systems for heating, ventilating and air conditioning, power generation, transportation, processing and manufacturing. They also perform duties related to the evaluation, installation, operation and maintenance of mechanical systems. Mechanical engineers are employed by consulting firms, by power-generating utilities and in a wide range of manufacturing, processing and transportation industries, or they may be self-employed.

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土木工程师负责计划，设计，发展和管理建设项目或房屋，地表结构，发电站，道路，飞机场，高速路，桥梁，隧道，运河，大坝，港口和有关高速路，交通服务，水资源分布和卫生设备等沿岸设施和系统的建设与修复。土木工程师可以是基础分析，建筑和结构视察，测量，测绘学和市政规划的相关领域。土木工程师受雇于工程咨询公司，所有层次的政府部门，建设公司和很多其他领域，也可以自雇。

Civil engineers plan, design, develop and manage projects for the construction or repair of buildings, earth structures, powerhouses, roads, airports, railways, rapid transit facilities, bridges, tunnels, canals, dams, ports and coastal installations and systems related to highway and transportation services, water distribution and sanitation. Civil engineers may also specialize in foundation analysis, building and structural inspection, surveying, geomatics and municipal planning. Civil engineers are employed by engineering consulting companies, in all levels of government, by construction firms and in many other industries, or they may be self-employed.

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农业代表，顾问和专家向农民提供援助和农场管理，种植，施肥，收割，土壤侵蚀和组成，疾病预防，营养，作物轮作和营销等各方面的意见。他们受雇于企业，机构和政府协助农耕社团，或者他们可能成为自雇人士。

Agricultural representatives, consultants and specialists provide assistance and advice to farmers on all aspects of farm management, cultivation, fertilization, harvesting, soil erosion and composition, disease prevention, nutrition, crop rotation and marketing. They are employed by businesses, institutions and governments that assist the farming community, or they may be self-employed.

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林业专家进行调研，制定计划和管理指导相关管理和采伐森林资源的项目。他们受雇于森林业，省和联邦政府，咨询公司，教育机构等行业，或者他们可能成为自雇人士。

Forestry professionals conduct research, develop plans and administer and direct programs related to the management and harvesting of forest resources. They are employed by the forest industry, provincial and federal governments, consulting companies, educational institutions and other industries, or they may be self-employed.

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生物学家和相关科学家进行基础研究和应用研究，扩展生物体的知识，管理自然资源，并制定新的实践和与医药和农业相关的产品。他们受雇于实验室和政府的现场设置，环境咨询公司，资源和公用事业公司，化工，制药和生物技术公司，健康和教育机构。

Biologists and related scientists conduct basic and applied research to extend knowledge of living organisms, to manage natural resources, and to develop new practices and products related to medicine and agriculture. They are employed in both laboratory and field settings by governments, environmental consulting companies, resource and utilities companies, chemical, pharmaceutical and biotechnical companies and health and educational institutions.

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本组包括冶金专家，土壤科学家和物理科学家和其他未分类的参与物理科学领域的理论和应用研究的研究人员。他们受雇于政府，教育机构和广泛的工业场所。

This group includes metallurgists, soil scientists and physical scientists and researchers, not elsewhere classified, involved in the conduct of theoretical and applied research in fields of physical science. They are employed by governments, educational institutions and a wide range of industrial establishments.

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气象学家和气候学家分析和预测天气，对大气现象提供咨询服务，对天气，气候和大气过程和现象进行研究。他们受雇于各级政府，自然资源和公用事业公司，媒体和私人咨询公司，或者他们可能成为自雇人事。

Meteorologists and climatologists analyze and forecast weather, provide consultation on atmospheric phenomena and conduct research into the processes and phenomena of weather, climate and atmosphere. They are employed by all levels of government, natural resources and utility companies, the media and private consulting firms, or they may be self-employed.

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地球科学家包括地质学家，地球化学家和地球物理学家，他们开展各种项目去探究调查，从而能够扩展有关地球结构，组成和形成过程的知识；定位，确定并提取碳氢化合物，矿物质和地下水资源；评估并缓解环境发展和无水处理项目。海洋学家开展各种项目去探究调查海洋形成过程和各种现象，海洋的生物特征，化学特征和物理特征，大气和地地质环境的相互影响，以及人类活动对海洋生态系统的影响。地球学家受雇于石油和采矿公司，咨询地质、地球物理学和工程公司，以及政府和教育部门，或者自雇。海洋学家受雇于政府，教育部门和海底沉积物开采行业的私有企业，或者自雇。

Geoscientists include geologists, geochemists and geophysicists who conduct programs of exploration and research to extend knowledge of the structure, composition and processes of the earth, to locate, identify and extract hydrocarbon, mineral and groundwater resources and to assess and mitigate the effects of development and waste disposal projects on the environment. Oceanographers conduct programs of exploration and research on ocean processes and phenomena, biological, chemical and physical characteristics of oceans, interactions with atmospheric and geological environments and impacts of human activity on oceans and marine ecosystems. Geoscientists are employed by petroleum and mining companies, consulting geology, geophysics and engineering firms and by governments and educational institutions, or they may be self-employed. Oceanographers are employed by governments, educational institutions and private companies engaged in exploration of seafloor deposits and seafarming areas, or they may be self-employed.

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化学家进行研究和分析，支持产业化经营，产品和工艺开发，质量控制，环境控制，医疗诊断和治疗，生物技术，纳米技术和其他应用程序。他们还对创建或合成新的产品和新工艺的基本化学和生化过程进行理论，实验和应用研究。化学家们受雇于研究，开发和质量控制实验室；化工，石化和医药行业;矿物，金属和纸浆和造纸工业；以及各种各样的制造业，实用，卫生，教育和政府机构。

Chemists conduct research and analysis in support of industrial operations, product and process development, quality control, environmental control, medical diagnosis and treatment, biotechnology, nanotechnology and other applications. They also conduct theoretical, experimental and applied research into basic chemical and biochemical processes to create or synthesize new products and processes. Chemists are employed in research, development and quality control laboratories; chemical, petrochemical and pharmaceutical industries; mineral, metal and pulp and paper industries; and a wide variety of manufacturing, utility, health, educational and government establishments.

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物理学家对以下方面进行理论和应用研究，对自然现象的知识进行延申，并开发电子，通信，发电和配电，空气动力学，光学和激光，遥感，生物技术，医药和卫生等领域的新工艺和设备。他们受雇于电子，电器，航空航天制造公司，电信公司，电力公用事业，大学和政府研究实验室，医院和其他加工，制造，研究与策略顾问公司。天文学家进行观测和理论研究，扩展对宇宙的认识。他们受雇于政府和大学。

Physicists conduct theoretical and applied research to extend knowledge of natural phenomena and to develop new processes and devices in fields such as electronics, communications, power generation and distribution, aerodynamics, optics and lasers, remote sensing, biotechnology, medicine and health. They are employed by electronic, electrical and aerospace manufacturing companies, telecommunications companies, power utilities, university and government research laboratories, hospitals and by a wide range of other processing, manufacturing, and research and consulting firms. Astronomers conduct observational and theoretical research to extend knowledge of the universe. They are employed by government and universities.

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