目录
简介 Intro
本单元组包括临床医学，检验医学和手术专科医师。中医临床专家诊断和治疗疾病和生理或精神疾病，同时可以做其他医生的顾问。检验医学专家研究人类疾病的性质，原因和发展。手术专家执行和监督手术过程。中医临床专家通常在私人诊所或医院工作，而检验医学专家和手术专家通常在医院工作。经培训成为专科医生的住院医师包含在本单元组。
This unit group includes specialist physicians in clinical medicine, in laboratory medicine and in surgery. Specialists in clinical medicine diagnose and treat diseases and physiological or psychiatric disorders and act as consultants to other physicians. Specialists in laboratory medicine study the nature, cause and development of diseases in humans. Specialists in surgery perform and supervise surgical procedures. Specialists in clinical medicine usually work in private practice or in a hospital while those in laboratory medicine and in surgery usually work in hospitals. Residents in training to become specialist physicians are included in this unit group.
随着经验积累，可能进展到管理岗位，如实验室药物或外科主任，主任。
Progression to management positions, such as director of laboratory medicine or chief of surgery, is possible with experience.
主要职责 Main Duties
中医临床专家执行部分或全部下列职责：Specialists in clinical medicine perform some or all of the following duties:
- 诊断和治疗疾病和生理性或精神失常
Diagnose and treat diseases and physiological or psychiatric disorders - 预订化验检查，X射线和其他诊断程序
Order laboratory tests, X-rays and other diagnostic procedures - 处方用药和治疗，指导患者手术
Prescribe medication and treatment and refer patients for surgery - 充当其他医生顾问
Act as consultants to other physicians - 亦可进行医学研究
May conduct medical research.
检验医学专家执行部分或全部下列职责：Specialists in laboratory medicine perform some or all of the following duties:
- 研究人类疾病的的性质，原因和发展，疾病引起的结构和功能改变
Study the nature, cause and development of diseases in humans and the structural and functional changes caused by diseases - 对实验室样品和标本进行显微镜和化学分析
Conduct microscopic and chemical analyses of laboratory samples and specimens - 监督实验室活动
Supervise laboratory activities - 作为其他医生的顾问。
Act as consultants to other physicians.
手术专家执行部分或全部下列职责：Specialists in surgery perform some or all of the following duties:
- 评估病人的疾病或功能紊乱，以确定采用适当的手术
Assess patients’ diseases or disorders to determine appropriate surgical procedures - 执行和监督外科手术，纠正身体畸形和缺陷，修复受伤
Perform and supervise surgical procedures to correct physical abnormalities and deficiencies and repair injuries - 作为其他医生的顾问。
Act as consultants to other physicians.
任职要求 Employment Requirements
专科医师 Specialist physicians
- 科学学士学位。A bachelor of science degree
- 或者在魁北克省，通常需要完成大学课程和一年的预医药大学学习。In Quebec, completion of a college program and one year of pre-medicine university studies is usually required.
- 必需毕业于被认可的医疗学校和具体专业培训。Graduation from an approved medical school and specific specialty training are required.
- 完成加拿大皇家学院的医生和外科医生认证考试。Completion of the certifying examinations of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada
- 必需持有由省级或本土执照当局颁发的许可。Licensing by the provincial or territorial licensing authority are required.
中医临床专家 Specialists in clinical medicine
- 要求具有四到五年的专业住院医师培训。Four to five years of specialty residency training are required.
- 也可能需要两年的专科训练。Two years of subspecialty training may also be required.
检验医学专家 Specialists in laboratory medicine
- 必需具有四到五年的专业住院医师培训。Four to five years of specialty residency training are required.
手术专家 Specialists in surgery
- 必需具备五至六年的专业住院医师培训。Five to six years of specialty residency training are required.
- 也可能要求具备两年的专科训练。Two years of subspecialty training may also be required.
所有职称 All Titles
- 过敏症专治医师 allergist
- 过敏症专治医师 allergologist
- 解剖病理学家 anatomical pathologist
- anatomopathologist anatomopathologist
- 麻醉师 anesthesiologist
- 麻醉师 anesthetist
- 麻醉师复苏 anesthetist-resuscitator
- 尸体解剖的病理学家 autopsy pathologist
- 生物化学，医疗 – 医生 biochemist, medical – physician
- 心脏外科医生 cardiac surgeon
- 心脏病专家 cardiologist
- 心脏病学专家 cardiology specialist
- 心胸外科医生 cardiothoracic surgeon
- 心血管和胸外科医生 cardiovascular and thoracic surgeon
- 心血管和胸外科专家 cardiovascular and thoracic surgery specialist
- 心血管外科医生 cardiovascular surgeon
- 儿童专科 child specialist
- 临床免疫专家 clinical immunologist
- 临床免疫过敏症 clinical immunologist-allergist
- 临床免疫学和过敏专家 clinical immunology and allergy specialist
- 临床病理学家 clinical pathologist
- 临床药理专家 clinical pharmacologist
- 社区卫生医师 community health physician
- 社区医师 community medicine physician
- 社区医学专家 community medicine specialist
- 整容外科医生 cosmetic surgeon
- 重症监护医师 critical care medicine physician
- 危重病医学专家 critical care medicine specialist
- 皮肤科医生 dermatologist
- 放射科医生诊断 diagnostic radiologist
- 放射诊断专家 diagnostic radiology specialist
- 耳朵专家 ear specialist
- 急诊医师 emergency medicine physician
- 急诊医学专家 emergency medicine specialist
- 急诊医师 emergency physician
- emergentologist emergentologist
- 内分泌科医生 endocrinologist
- 环境医学专家 environmental medicine specialist
- 审美外科医生 esthetic surgeon
- 眼睛专家 eye specialist
- 法医病理学家 forensic pathologist
- 肠胃病 gastroenterologist
- 一般病理学家 general pathologist
- 普通外科医生 general surgeon
- 遗传学家 – 医学专家 geneticist – medical specialist
- 老年医学专家 geriatric medicine specialist
- 老年病学者 geriatrician
- 老年病学专家 geriatrics specialist
- 老年病学者 geriatrist
- 妇科医生 gynecologist
- 心脏专科医生 heart specialist
- 血液病理学家 hematological-pathologist
- 血液学学者 hematologist
- 血液病理学家 hematopathologist
- 血液病理学专家 hematopathology specialist
- 组织病理学家 – 医学专家 histopathologist – medical specialist
- 高压医师 hyperbaric physician
- 免疫及过敏症专治医师 immunologist and allergologist
- 传染病医师 infectious disease physician
- 传染病专家 infectious disease specialist
- 不孕不育专科 infertility specialist
- 住院医生 inpatient physician
- 内科专家 internal medicine specialist
- 内科专家 internist
- 喉科专家 laryngologist
- 肺癌专家 lung specialist
- 医疗细菌学家 medical bacteriologist
- 医学生物化学 – 医生 medical biochemist – physician
- 法医 medical examiner
- 医学遗传学家 medical geneticist
- 医学遗传学专家 medical genetics specialist
- 医疗微生物学家 medical microbiologist
- 肿瘤内科 medical oncologist
- 医疗肿瘤专科 medical oncology specialist
- 医学寄生虫学家 medical parasitologist
- 医疗病理学家 medical pathologist
- 医学生理学家 medical physiologist
- 医学专家 medical specialist
- 新生儿专家 neonatologist
- 肾脏科医师 nephrologist
- 神经专科 nerve specialist
- 神经外科医生 neurological surgeon
- 神经学家 neurologist
- 神经病理学家 neuropathologist
- 神经精神病 neuropsychiatrist
- 神经外科 neurosurgeon
- 鼻子专家 nose specialist
- 核医学医师 nuclear medicine physician
- 核医学专家 nuclear medicine specialist
- 核医师 nuclear physician
- 产科医生 obstetrician
- 妇产科医生 obstetrician-gynecologist
- 职业健康医生（OHP） occupational health physician (OHP)
- 职业医学专科 occupational medicine specialist
- 职业医师 occupational physician
- 眼科医生 oculist
- OHP（职业健康医生） OHP (occupational health physician)
- 肿瘤科医生 oncologist
- 肿瘤科医生，儿科 oncologist, pediatric
- 肿瘤学家，放射 oncologist, radiation
- 眼科医生 ophthalmologist
- 整形外科医生 orthopedic surgeon
- 骨科专家 orthopedics specialist
- 骨科医生 orthopedist
- 耳鼻喉科学医生 otolaryngologist
- 耳科医生 otologist
- 耳鼻喉科 otorhinolaryngologist
- 耳鼻咽喉科专家 otorhinolaryngology specialist
- 病理学家 – 医疗 pathologist – medical
- 病理学家，验尸 pathologist, autopsy
- 病理学家血液科 pathologist-hematologist
- 小儿肿瘤 pediatric oncologist
- 小儿外科医生 pediatric surgeon
- 儿科医师 pediatrician
- phoniatrician phoniatrician
- phoniatrist phoniatrist
- 复健科医师 physiatrist
- 物理医学与康复专家 physical medicine and rehabilitation specialist
- 医生，社区卫生服务; physician, community health
- 医生，社区药 physician, community medicine
- 医师，危重病急救医学 physician, critical care medicine
- 医生，紧急 physician, emergency
- 医师，传染病 physician, infectious diseases
- 核医学医师， physician, nuclear medicine
- 医师，职业健康 physician, occupational health
- 医师，预防医学 physician, preventive medicine
- 肺内科医师， physician, pulmonary medicine
- 医师，运动医学 physician, sports medicine
- 医生，热带医学 physician, tropical medicine
- 生理学家，医疗 physiologist, medical
- 整形外科医生 plastic surgeon
- 整形外科专家 plastic surgery specialist
- 肺病学家 pneumologist
- 警方外科医生 police surgeon
- 预防医学医师 preventive medicine physician
- 预防医学专家 preventive medicine specialist
- 直肠病学家 proctologist
- 精神科医生 psychiatrist
- 精神药物专家 psychopharmacologist
- 肺疾病专科 pulmonary disease specialist
- 肺内科医师 pulmonary medicine physician
- 肺内科专家 pulmonary medicine specialist
- 肺病学家 pulmonologist
- 放射肿瘤科专家 radiation oncologist
- 放射科医生 radiologist
- 放射科医生诊断 radiologist, diagnostic
- 放射肿瘤学家 radio-oncologist
- 无线电肿瘤专科 radio-oncology specialist
- 康复专家 rehabilitation specialist
- 呼吸病专科 respiratory disease specialist
- 呼吸道疾病学家 respirologist
- 风湿病 rheumatologist
- 鼻科医生 rhinologist
- 皮肤疾病专家 skin disease specialist
- 皮肤专科 skin specialist
- 专科医生 specialist doctor
- 心脏科专家 specialist in cardiology
- 在心血管和胸外科专家 specialist in cardiovascular and thoracic surgery
- 社区医学专家 specialist in community medicine
- 危重病急救医学专家 specialist in critical care medicine
- 急诊医学专家 specialist in emergency medicine
- 环境医学专家 specialist in environmental medicine
- 在流行病学和社会医学专家 specialist in epidemiology and community medicine
- 老年医学专家 specialist in geriatric medicine
- 血液病理学专家 specialist in hematopathology
- 传染病专家 specialist in infectious diseases
- 不孕不育专家 specialist in infertility
- 内科专家 specialist in internal medicine
- 在肿瘤内科专家 specialist in medical oncology
- 核医学专家 specialist in nuclear medicine
- 物理医学与康复专家 specialist in physical medicine and rehabilitation
- 在整形外科专家 specialist in plastic surgery
- 预防医学专家 specialist in preventive medicine
- 肺部疾病专家 specialist in pulmonary disease
- 脊髓损伤专家 specialist in spinal injuries
- 在运动医学专家 specialist in sports medicine
- 在血管外科专家 specialist in vascular surgery
- 专科医师 specialist physician
- 专家，儿童 specialist, children
- 专家，耳朵 specialist, ears
- 专家，眼睛 specialist, eyes
- 专科，心 specialist, heart
- 专家，润肺 specialist, lungs
- 专科，神经 specialist, nerves
- 专家，鼻子 specialist, nose
- 职业医学专家， specialist, occupational medicine
- 专科，康复 specialist, rehabilitation
- 专科，皮肤 specialist, skin
- 专科，咽喉 specialist, throat
- 脊髓损伤专家 spinal injury specialist
- 运动医学医生 sports medicine physician
- 运动医学专家 sports medicine specialist
- 外科医生 surgeon
- 外科病理学家 surgical pathologist
- 手术医师 surgical physician
- 外科住院医师 surgical resident
- 胸外科医生 thoracic surgeon
- 喉头专家 throat specialist
- 热带医学医师 tropical medicine physician
- 泌尿科医师 urologist
- 血管外科医生 vascular surgeon
不包括职称 Exclusions
- 联合初级保健医生 Allied primary health practitioners [3124](3124)
- 脊医 Chiropractors [3122](3122)
- 全科医生和家庭医生 General practitioners and family physicians [3112](3112)
- 经理在医疗保健 Managers in health care [0311](0311)
- 其他专业的职业健康诊断和治疗 Other professional occupations in health diagnosing and treating [3125](3125)